Windows system32 cmd exe commands11/19/2023 I found a blog post which explains how to implement history persistence in PowerShell.Microsoft published exhaustive list of Windows commands, which serves as online manual for each of the commands. An alternative is to use the PSReadLine module. Clink is reported to be compatible with PowerShell (since the latest release) but it does not work for me. ![]() Like in a UNIX bash shell, the behavior of the history can be configured with environment variables:Īnd what about PowerShell? Like cmd.exe, it does not have a persistent mechanism to store the commands history. Besides many interesting features to improve the command line, it saves the commands history by default. Once installed, it can be executed automatically when a cmd.exe is launched and the user's history is saved to "%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\clink\.history". This technique has many limitations but, at least, data is written on disk (and data deleted from the disk can easily be recovered if the user erases the file!).Īnother approach is to extend the existing cmd.exe features with a more powerful tool like Clink which describes itself as "a powerful bash-style command line editing for cmd.exe". This will dump the cmd.exe history to the file cmd.log every time the user closes the session with "exit" (but not by closing the windows!) doskey exit=doskey /h $g$g "%USERPROFILE%\cmd.log"$t exit $* %windir%\system32\cmd.exe /k c:\scripts\cmdhist.bat To achieve this, cmd.exe can be executed from a shortcut like this: The first idea is to re-use the doskey command and create macro that will dump the commands when the user exits cmd.exe. How to get an "real time" history of the commands? This plugin scans for CONSOLE_INFORMATION and prints the entire screen buffer (including input and output - the type commands and results). But to use volatility, we need to make a copy of the target system image, this can be slow, difficult to perform. OriginalTitle: %SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exeĪttachedProcess: cmd.exe Pid: 7308 Handle: 0圆cĬommandHistory: 0x39eab0 Application: cmd.exe Flags: Allocated, ResetĬommandCount: 42 LastAdded: 41 LastDisplayed: 41 HistoryBufferCount: 1 HistoryBufferMax: 4 Hopefully, volatility has a module which helps to extract this kind of information from a memory image: Nothing! After some Google searches, I found a paper written in 2010 which explains how command history is managed into the computer memory. The command doskey (this will maybe remind the good old times of MS-DOS to some of you) is still available and can be used to display the current history in the current cmd.exe:īut how to get the history? My first idea was to check into the process memory:Ĭ:\> procdump.exe -accepteula -ma cmd.exe cmd.dumpĪnd then search for interesting strings. When the process is running, it is possible to use the in-memory history to scroll across the previously executed commands but this is not persistent. ![]() In fact, the memory analysis is covered in the training FOR508. To make thinks clear, the good old cmd.exe does not provide any logging facilities at all. The training was great and covered many ways to collect artifact in a Microsoft Windows environment but there was nothing about the Windows command line ("cmd.exe" or "powershell.exe") which are common tools used by attackers or insiders. A few weeks ago, I wrote a diary about forensics and the bash UNIX shell and last week, I attended the training FOR408 ("Windows Forensics Analysis") in Amsterdam.
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